WaveWarp 2.0 Component
      
Spectral Transformers:
Functional Description
Spectral shifting
based on direct manipulation of FFT spectra.
The audio output is derived from a transformed
version of the input audio spectrum.
The transformation involves shifting all FFT components by a selectable
ratio.
The characteristics of the
spectral
transformation are adjustable via the Parameter Window, as summarised in the
following table. Stereo signals have separate adjustments for left and
right channels.
| Parameter | Purpose |
|---|
| "Buffer length" slider |
Adjusts the length of the input data buffer,
which also defines the "Latency" (overall delay) of the
process.
The FFT buffer size is computed from the "Buffer length"
rounded up to the nearest power of 2
(for efficient FFT computation). If "double zero-padding" is selected, the FFT buffer size is
doubled (after the rounding) to improve the smoothness of the spectrum between successive
FFT bins (but without increasing the underlying frequency resolution).
The input data buffer
is windowed (using a selected profile), then
extended to the length of the FFT buffer by
padding with zeros (on either side). Successive input data buffers are overlapped by a factor
of 2, and the ouputs of the overlapped
inverse transformed buffers are summed, in order
to avoid discontinuities at the window boundaries.
|
| "Output gain" slider |
Adjusts the overall gain of the output signal, after the spectral manipulations have been applied.
|
| "Frequency shift" slider |
Adjusts the extent of the frequency shift.
Each frequency (FFT component) is shifted by the factor
determined by the slider value.
|
| "Window type" selection |
Selects the profile of the windowing function applied to the input data.
|
Algorithm
Each successive input buffer is transformed
to the frequency domain using the windowed-FFT with double overlapping.
The frequency shift is implemented by moving each FFT value
in proportion to the frequency of its bin multiplied by the selected
shift ratio.
The modified spectrum is then
re-converted to the time domain (using the inverse FFT), and
the overlapped output buffers are summed to yield the output signal.
For an introduction to the Discrete Fourier Transform and the FFT,
see, for example,
[St] sections 4.1 and 4.2.
For further introductory information (with emphasis on audio applications), and
for discussions on spectral measurements, zero-padding,
windowing, the overlap-add re-synthesis method,
and the Short Time Fourier Transform (STFT) for audio applications,
see
[Roa] p. 1084-1112
and
[Moore] p. 61-111.
Signal Implementations
| Audio signals | Control signals | Description |
|---|
| Single input single output mono-mono | n/a | Effect applied to mono input, sent to mono output |
| Single input single output mono-stereo | n/a | Effect applied to mono input with separate settings for left and right stereo output channels |
| Single input single output stereo-mono | n/a | Effect applied with separate settings to left and right stereo input channels, then averaged and sent to mono output |
| Single input single output stereo-stereo | n/a | Effect applied with separate settings to left and right stereo input channels for left and right stereo output channels, respectively |
Related components:
Example DrawingBoards illustrating usage:
|
